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Irish Regulator Launches Probe into Elon Musk’s X Over Suspected EU Rule Breaches
Nov 13, 2025Ireland’s media regulator has opened a formal investigation into Elon Musk’s social media platform X, formerly known as Twitter, over suspected breaches of the European Union’s Digital Services Act (DSA).
In a statement on Wednesday, Coimisiún na Meán, Ireland’s Media Commission, said it had “concerns that X is not giving people the opportunity to appeal content moderation decisions and that X’s internal complaint-handling systems are not easy to access and user-friendly, as required by law.”
Under the DSA, X has been designated a “very large online platform” (VLOP), meaning it must comply with strict obligations on transparency, content moderation, and user protection. Platforms in this category are required to maintain accessible mechanisms for users to challenge moderation decisions and to handle complaints promptly and fairly.
The investigation will examine whether X’s current systems meet these requirements.
Because X’s European headquarters are located in Dublin, the Irish regulator is responsible for overseeing the company’s compliance with several aspects of the DSA, while the European Commission in Brussels retains authority over cross-border and systemic issues.
Brussels had already opened a separate probe into X in late 2023, focusing on the spread of misinformation and the company’s handling of illegal content.
If the Irish inquiry finds that X has violated the DSA, the company could face fines of up to 6% of its global annual revenue, as well as potential enforcement measures to compel compliance.
The probe adds to growing regulatory scrutiny of Musk’s platform, which has faced criticism from EU officials over moderation practices and transparency since the billionaire acquired the company in 2022.
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